Carfentanil: A Dangerous New Factor in the Opioid Crisis

 

Over the past two decades, synthetic opioids have increased the threat of the ongoing opioid epidemic. Nearly 70% of all drug poisonings and overdose deaths in 2023 involved synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl. Also, among these substances is Carfentanil which stands out at this time as one of the deadliest fentanyl analogues. This white, powdery drug closely resembles other substances like fentanyl or cocaine, but its danger far exceeds that of nearly any other opioid on the street.

Carfentanil is a synthetic opioid originally developed for veterinary use to tranquilize large animals. It's very potent and not approved for human use. In fact, it is estimated to be 10,000 times more potent than morphine and 100 times stronger than fentanyl. Recently, there's been an increased presence of carfentanil in the illicit drug market - a tiny .02mg can induce a powerful, often deadly effect in humans. According to the CDC, deaths involving carfentanil increased approximately sevenfold - from 29 deaths in January-June 2023 to 238 deaths in January-June 2024. The majority of carfentanil seizures throughout 2024 were in a pill or tablet form, not the typical powder form previously encountered.

The recent Carfentanil Trend is concerning due to: increased risk of overdose (extreme potency increases risk of overdose and death - even a single pill) and deceptive appearance (carfentanil pressed into pills resembles prescription medications leading to consumption by individuals who believe they are taking a less potent drug).   

Exposure to carfentanil can cause respiratory depression or arrest, drowsiness, sedation, pinpoint pupils, disorientation, and clammy skin. Its rapid effect on the central nervous system leaves little time for life-saving interventions. Naloxone may not be effective. Awareness is critical to preventing overdoses and poisonings involving synthetic opioids. Anyone who may encounter illicit substances including powders and fake pills, should be aware of the potential presence of carfentanil.