Peer pressure, or influence, comes in all shapes and sizes - some good, some bad. It can have a tremendous impact on a young person's behavior. Research shows the most impressionable age for peer influence seems to be the middle school years when children are forming new relationships and choosing their identity among friends. This is also the most common age when kids begin experimenting with alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and other risky behaviors. Often, the drive to engage in this kind of behavior is the result of peer pressure - and the pressure to conform is very real at this age.
Prevention partners at "Talk It Out" describe the 6 types of peer pressure and offer tips for parents who want to help their child make healthy, life-long choices:
*Spoken Peer Pressure - this type of peer pressure occurs when a teen asks, suggests, or persuades others to engage in a specific behavior. If this is done one-to-one, the recipient of the influence has a stronger chance of adhering to their own core values. But if done in a group setting, pressure to go along with everyone can be high.
*Unspoken Peer Pressure - occurs when a teen is exposed to the actions of one or more peers and is left to choose whether they want to follow along. Many young teens may lack the mental maturity to control impulses and make wise long-term decisions, so they tend to be more susceptible to influence from older or more popular friends.
*Direct Peer Pressure - this type of peer pressure can be spoken or unspoken and is normally behavior-centric. Examples may be when a teen hands another teen an alcoholic drink, makes a sexual advance, or looks at another student's paper during a test. The other teen is faced with having to make an on-the-spot decision.
*Indirect Peer Pressure - similar to unspoken peer pressure, indirect peer pressure can be subtle but also be a strong influence on impressionable youth. When a teen overhears a friend gossiping then reacts to the gossip, that is an example of indirect peer pressure. Or if a middle schooler learns that the popular kids' parties include alcohol or drugs - that indirect pressure may tempt them to experiment as a way to gain acceptance.
*Negative Peer Pressure - an example of negative peer pressure is asking a young teen to engage in behavior that is against their moral code or family values. Teens see the actions of others with stronger personalities and are put in a position to follow the leader or walk away. Often teens find themselves engaging in behavior that goes against their beliefs because they want acceptance. They may lack the skills to come up with a quick excuse or reason to say no.
*Positive Peer Pressure - a group dynamic can be a very positive peer influence if behaviors are healthy, age-appropriate, and socially acceptable. Examples may be when a peer group wants to make good grades, teens can be positively influenced to study...or when the school football team pledges to abstain from drinking to stay healthy, other students may adopt the same behavior.
Despite the inevitable influence of friends, many teens say that their parents remain the strongest influence in their lives. Key components for parents to maintain positive influence on their teens are: understanding the types of peer pressure their teen may face, supporting healthy relationships, modeling responsible behavior, and keeping an open, judgment-free family dialogue flowing.